I feel here I should dispel some myths people seem to have about fully charged batteries. At the risk of suck eggs/scroll past if not of interest.
This is more for all the battery threads that "drove for an hour/can't be the battery" that most say.
I constantly get the "I went for a long drive, so it CAN'T be the battery." False. Also "I have a hundred amp alternator, so that will punch 100 amps into battery for half hour, that will do." Again, false.
Contrary to pop belief, alternators are NOT optimised to charge the battery. They are optimised for between 13.5 and 14 volts for reasonably steady supply of car systems. A battery charger optimised would charge at a steady current,, then voltage. The voltage varies too much for car systems. The old days when professionals charged batteries, you monitored voltage/current/heat/SG/acid level. A battery was charged when it "had an SG of xxx at a temp of xxx all cells gassing" (essentially, boiling, but from charge, not from heat.) That is how we charged everything from car, boat.............. even submarine batteries that weighed half a ton each, and 448 of them in 2 banks. Same theory, 2.2 volts per cell. Worth MILLIONS, and the submarine worth billions, and useless without them, so we HAD to know the theory, and how to charge them PROPERLY/as fast as possible without damage.
They don't say that anymore, because batteries are sealed, and people would buckle plates. Have a look at any 60's car manual. That is what it will say. But now with sealed batteries and people being less technical, they default to "never over 10% of A/H. So max of 8 amps for our 80 A/H example.
So, an 80 amp hour car battery can supply multiples of "80 amp hour". 80 amps is a bad example, it will supply that for about 30 to 40 minutes (not efficient). More realistic is (example) 1 amp for 80 hours, or 4 amps for 20 hours.
So, ign/light left on = battery completely flat. That means (basically) that you have to put back 1 amp for EIGHTY hours, or 4 amps for 20 hours.
Now, I have about ten battery chargers. Some smart, range from 1 to 8 amps. I have a basic (not smart) cheap one = 4 amps. That is to revive batteries that smart chargers "won't see" (dead brick). I also have the oldest/crappiest looking one which is 50 years old, but puts out 50 amps.
So, people then say "went for a long drive = 130 amps!!!!!!" It DOESN'T work like that. Flat battery voltage is approx 11 volts. (Flat, no load, not "stuffed"). Car voltage is 14. So 3 volts differential across internal resistance of the battery. And that 11 volts is increasing from the SECOND alt starts charge. So LESS than 3 volts diff. Current is a function of voltage diff across a resistance. You CANNOT increase current without changing voltage or resistance.
Charging is exponential. If you alternator charged at more than 20 or 30 amps for that "long half hour drive" it would damage battery. Internal resistance and small voltage diff regulates that, NOT voltage reg, that sits at 14 volts.
Think of this. You have a bathtub at the same level of the Pacific ocean. You create a small channel 1/8 of an inch high at the lip of the ocean/bathtub, and the gazillion gallons of the ocean trickles in. That 1/8 inch height is same as small voltage difference. The ocean has FAR MORE capacity than you need, but slow flow rate set by height/flow path/pressure diff. The same reason a tap on a tank runs fast at first (high pressure diff) but when almost empty, trickles out forever, as internal level almost same as outlet. Same as alt voltage almost same as batt voltage. Exponential pressure diff. Voltage is elec pressure. High diff - hi flow. Current (amps) is flow.
So, people hate theory, (and just won't believe it) so here is a trial. My Stag, totally flat battery (boot light stuck on). Wanted to take it out, and where I arrived, could take charger/be there all day/charge when I got there. So I jumped it. Stag has a 60 amp alt. And a 60 amp ammeter (I liked to know what was going on when driving interstate 30 years ago....................
I started car (jumper leads) - car charged at 60 amps........... after 30 seconds, dropped to 30 amps. After a minute, down to 15. Two more minutes, 10 amps. After only FIVE MINUTES - down to 5 amps. It STAYED at 5 amps for the entire 40 minute trip to where I was going. Then small 4 amp charger on while at friends house. The Stag alt is a Bosch 60 amp (my mod) that is in perfect cond/can run at 60 amps all day........... it has to to run 7 amp elec water pump/20 amp elec fan/ 24 amps halogen headlights - and has done constantly (interstate trips). So it CAN provide the 60, but battery won't take it.
So, point is, that is an exponential charge rate.
If your battery is completely flattened, it will need 80 A/H of charge. At 4 amps, that is 20 hours. Your 130 amp alt will supply max for les than a minute. After ten minutes, it will be 8 amps or less, then after half hour will be down to 5.
80 divided by 5 - 16 hours. Is that the "long drive" people are talking about?
I have long experience with deployments (used to do SEA and Gulf deployments/warships, 20 years at sea.) CONSTANTLY get people come back/flat battery, jump start = " I went for a long drive" (half hour); battery must be stuffed. Most threw out batteries that were ok, they just refused to charge them, because "theory from electrician?? Never heard that before."
Yeah, I know, it's boring. But if one person leaves their battery on a smart charger for DAYS and saves it/saves the money on batteries/chargers/connections, maybe the flak I am about to get is worth it.
A smart charger and a load tester are under a hundred dollars. It will be the best money you ever spend - and it MAKES SURE battery is up to it.
That it, I won't spruke this crap again. Thanks for your patience.